How many villages are in Kanigiri Mandal?
Kanigiri Mandal has 39 Census 2011 village records in this directory, including 33 inhabited villages. They are part of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh.
Indian Village Directory
Kanigiri Mandal Village List
Kanigiri Mandal in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh has 39 Census 2011 village records, including 33 inhabited villages. The listed villages cover 55,046 people, 12,514 households and 47,792 hectares. Reported local context includes 26 Gram Panchayats, village facilities, land-use fields, nearest-town references and individual village profiles. Census datasets record this administrative level as a sub-district, while local usage may call it a tehsil, taluka, mandal, block or tahasil.
Kanigiri Mandal has 39 Census 2011 village records in this directory, including 33 inhabited villages. They are part of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh.
Villages39
Inhabited Villages33
Population55,046
Households12,514
Area (ha)47,792
CD Blocks1
Key Facts
- Location
- Kanigiri Mandal is in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh.
- Village Records
- 39 Census 2011 village records
- Inhabited Villages
- 33
- Listed Population
- 55,046
- Households
- 12,514
- Recorded Village Area
- 47,792 hectares
- Gram Panchayats
- 26
- Largest by Population
- Sankavaram (7,335 people)
- Largest by Area
- Balli Palle (3,855 hectares)
Largest Villages by Population
Sankavaram is the highest-population village listed in Kanigiri Mandal, with 7,335 people and 1,724 households. It represents 13% of the listed mandal village population. Open the village profile to compare its Census code, facilities, area and nearest-town details.
| Rank | Village | Population | Local Pop Share | Households | Avg Household Size | Area (ha) | Pop / sq km | Nearest Town | Town Distance km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sankavaram | 7,335 | 13% | 1,724 | 4.3 | 2,100 | 349.3 | Kandukur | 47.0 |
| 2 | Chakirala | 4,399 | 8% | 996 | 4.4 | 3,023 | 145.5 | Kandukur | 54.0 |
| 3 | Challagirigala | 3,163 | 5.7% | 675 | 4.7 | 1,863 | 169.8 | Kandukur | 55.0 |
| 4 | Guravajipeta | 2,952 | 5.4% | 721 | 4.1 | 2,866 | 103 | Kandukur | 74.0 |
| 5 | Hazis Puram | 2,901 | 5.3% | 635 | 4.6 | 1,690 | 171.7 | Kandukur | 39.0 |
| 6 | Chinaalavala Padu | 2,468 | 4.5% | 555 | 4.4 | 979 | 252.1 | Kandukur | 60.0 |
| 7 | Chirla Dinne | 2,450 | 4.5% | 562 | 4.4 | 2,140 | 114.5 | Kandukur | 68.0 |
| 8 | Bommireddi Palle | 2,416 | 4.4% | 570 | 4.2 | 2,592 | 93.2 | Kandukur | 61.0 |
| 9 | Balli Palle | 2,396 | 4.4% | 534 | 4.5 | 3,855 | 62.2 | Kandukur | 67.0 |
| 10 | Tallur | 2,376 | 4.3% | 595 | 4 | 1,086 | 218.8 | Kandukur | 66.0 |
Largest Villages by Area
Balli Palle has the largest recorded village area in Kanigiri Mandal, at 3,855 hectares. This is 8.1% of the listed local village area. Use area values for broad comparison only; land and revenue work should use official records.
| Rank | Village | Area (ha) | Local Area Share | Population | Pop / sq km | Households | Households / ha | Nearest Town | Town Distance km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Balli Palle | 3,855 | 8.1% | 2,396 | 62.2 | 534 | 0.14 | Kandukur | 67.0 |
| 2 | Baduguleru | 3,322 | 7% | 1,910 | 57.5 | 418 | 0.13 | Kandukur | 62.0 |
| 3 | Chakirala | 3,023 | 6.3% | 4,399 | 145.5 | 996 | 0.33 | Kandukur | 54.0 |
| 4 | Guravajipeta | 2,866 | 6% | 2,952 | 103 | 721 | 0.25 | Kandukur | 74.0 |
| 5 | Bommireddi Palle | 2,592 | 5.4% | 2,416 | 93.2 | 570 | 0.22 | Kandukur | 61.0 |
| 6 | Punugodu | 2,213 | 4.6% | 2,133 | 96.4 | 516 | 0.23 | Kandukur | 57.0 |
| 7 | Chirla Dinne | 2,140 | 4.5% | 2,450 | 114.5 | 562 | 0.26 | Kandukur | 68.0 |
| 8 | Sankavaram | 2,100 | 4.4% | 7,335 | 349.3 | 1,724 | 0.82 | Kandukur | 47.0 |
| 9 | Yadavalli | 2,067 | 4.3% | 2,263 | 109.5 | 482 | 0.23 | Kandukur | 61.0 |
| 10 | Challagirigala | 1,863 | 3.9% | 3,163 | 169.8 | 675 | 0.36 | Kandukur | 55.0 |
Population Summary
Kanigiri Mandal has 55,046 people in 12,514 households across 39 Census 2011 village records.
Average Population / Village1,411
Average Household Size4.4
Inhabited Village %85%
Population Density / sq km115.2
Male Share0%
Female Share0%
SC Share0%
ST Share0%
Total Population55,046
Administrative Coverage
Administrative coverage links Kanigiri villages with local names reported in Census 2011 records. The page includes 1 CD block and 26 Gram Panchayats. Reported Gram Panchayats include Baduguleru, Balli Palle and Bommireddi Palle.
CD Blocks Reported1
Gram Panchayats Reported26
Nearest Town Names Reported1
CD blocks reported: Kanigiri.
Gram Panchayats reported: Baduguleru, Balli Palle, Bommireddi Palle, Chakirala, N. Gollapalle, Challagirigala, Cheera Adinne, China Irlapadu, Chinaalavala Padu, Chirla Dinne, Dirisavancha, Ganuga Penta, Gosulaveedu and more.
Village Facility Coverage
Village facility coverage for Kanigiri Mandal is based on Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) amenities fields. Reported signals include primary school in 33 villages (85%), mobile coverage in 33 villages (85%), all-weather road in 33 villages (85%), domestic power supply in 33 villages (85%). These are historical village amenities, not live service guarantees.
| Facility | Villages with Facility | Reported Villages | Gap Count | % of All Villages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary School | 33 | 33 | 6 | 84.62 |
| Mobile Coverage | 33 | 33 | 6 | 84.62 |
| All-Weather Road | 33 | 33 | 6 | 84.62 |
| PDS Shop | 27 | 33 | 12 | 69.23 |
| Domestic Power Supply | 33 | 33 | 6 | 84.62 |
Median Nearest Town Distance60 km
Villages within 5 km0
Villages over 25 km39
| Distance Band | Villages | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Within 5 Km | 0 | 0% |
| 5-10 Km | 0 | 0% |
| 10-25 Km | 0 | 0% |
| Over 25 Km | 39 | 100% |
Location and Distance Highlights
Location and distance fields show how Kanigiri villages relate to nearby towns and headquarters. Nearest-town distance is reported for 39 villages, with an average of 59.23 km. The farthest listed nearest-town distance is 79.0 km for Krishna Puram. Use these figures for orientation only.
| Distance Type | Reported Villages | Average km | Maximum km | Village | Place / HQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nearest Town Distance | 39 | 59.23 | 79 | Krishna Puram | Kandukur |
About the Available Data
This data coverage section explains the fields available for Kanigiri Mandal. The page summarises 26 data fields and 922 reported values from Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) public records. Some values may be blank, old or not listed, so important decisions should be checked with official records.
View available data by section
| Data Section | Fields | Reported Values | Available / Positive Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Census Codes and Administrative Details | 6 | 232 | 156 |
| Location and Distance | 3 | 117 | 78 |
| Population and Social Groups | 3 | 111 | 99 |
| Education Facilities | 8 | 264 | 58 |
| Connectivity, Roads and Transport | 2 | 66 | 66 |
| Financial, Market and Public Services | 1 | 33 | 27 |
| Power Supply | 3 | 99 | 99 |
Bank ATM, CDM and CRM Services in Kanigiri
Kanigiri Mandal has 16 bank ATM, Cash Deposit Machine (CDM) and Cash Recycler Machine (CRM) service records from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data. The records cover 7 banks and 2 PIN codes. State Bank of India has the highest number of listed records, with 9 entries (56%). PIN code 523230 has the highest listed count, with 15 records (94%). Verify current service details with the bank before visiting.
Records / 100 Villages41
ATM Share44%
CDM Share0%
CRM Share56%
Records / Bank2.3
ATM/CDM/CRM Records16
ATMs7
CRMs9
Banks7
PINs2
Device Type Summary
| Device Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| ATM | 7 | 44% |
| CRM | 9 | 56% |
Top Banks in This Area
| Bank | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| State Bank of India | 9 | 56% |
| ICICI Bank Limited | 2 | 12% |
| Axis Bank Limited | 1 | 6.2% |
| Hdfc Bank Ltd. | 1 | 6.2% |
| Karur Vysya Bank Ltd | 1 | 6.2% |
Top PIN Codes by Banking Access Records
| PIN Code | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 523230 | 15 | 94% |
| 523320 | 1 | 6.2% |
PIN-wise ATM/CDM/CRM Summary
| PIN | Records | ATMs | CRMs | CDMs | Banks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 523230 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 6 |
| 523320 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Selected Bank ATM, CDM and CRM Service Records
The selected rows show real bank ATM, CDM and CRM service records for Kanigiri Mandal, including banks such as Axis Bank Limited, Hdfc Bank Ltd. and Bank of India. The source dataset is Reserve Bank of India (RBI)-sourced bank service data, but the services belong to the listed banks.
| Bank | Type | PIN | District | Local Area | Centre | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axis Bank Limited | CRM | 523320 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kand Kanigiri Upper Ground Floor. Near Door No.5/86-3, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523320 |
| Hdfc Bank Ltd. | ATM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh Ground Floor, D. No. 6-69/3, Ward No. 6, O V Road, Kanigiri, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh… |
| Bank of India | CRM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kandukuru B. N Reddy Building D. No 5-26 5th Ward Kanigiri, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
| Canara Bank | CRM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kotavari Veedhi D. No.8-70, Ground Floor Kanigiri, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
| ICICI Bank Limited | CRM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kandukur Main Road No: 18/28/19a, Kanigiri, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
| Karur Vysya Bank Ltd | ATM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Main Road, Kanigiri D. No.5/14-C, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
| State Bank of India | ATM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kanigiri P. Bag No.1, Kanigiri, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
| State Bank of India | ATM | 523230 | Prakasam | Kanigiri | Kanigiri (U) (Ct) | Kanigiri Pamuru Road, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, 523230 |
Full forms: ATM means Automated Teller Machine, CDM means Cash Deposit Machine, and CRM means Cash Recycler Machine.
ATM, Cash Deposit Machine (CDM) and Cash Recycler Machine (CRM) details are based on Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking access records and should be verified with the bank before visiting. PIN code, district or sub-district matches do not prove that a facility is inside the village.
Official Reference Links
These external links point to official district, state or land-record portals. Use them to verify current government information, land records, revenue details or administrative updates.
Villages in Kanigiri Mandal
The A-Z table below helps you find the correct village inside Kanigiri Mandal. Each row brings together the village name, Census code, population, households, area, nearest town and key facility signals where those details are listed.
A Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayyanapalem | 591273 | 0 | — | 187 | Kanigiri | Hazis Puram | Kandukur | — | — | — | — |
B Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baduguleru | 591251 | 1,910 | 418 | 3,322 | Kanigiri | Baduguleru | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Balavenkata Puram | 591286 | 357 | 82 | 617 | Kanigiri | Balli Palle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Balli Palle | 591287 | 2,396 | 534 | 3,855 | Kanigiri | Balli Palle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Bommireddi Palle | 591262 | 2,416 | 570 | 2,592 | Kanigiri | Bommireddi Palle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
C Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chakirala | 591259 | 4,399 | 996 | 3,023 | Kanigiri | Chakirala, N. Gollapalle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Challagirigala | 591252 | 3,163 | 675 | 1,863 | Kanigiri | Challagirigala | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Chennakesavapuram | 591280 | 0 | — | 202 | Kanigiri | Jammalamadaka | Kandukur | — | — | — | — | |
| China Irlapadu | 591267 | 890 | 181 | 601 | Kanigiri | China Irlapadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Chinaalavala Padu | 591276 | 2,468 | 555 | 979 | Kanigiri | Chinaalavala Padu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Chirla Dinne | 591284 | 2,450 | 562 | 2,140 | Kanigiri | Chirla Dinne | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
D Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dirisavancha | 591253 | 1,105 | 243 | 902 | Kanigiri | Dirisavancha | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
G Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ganuga Penta | 591250 | 488 | 129 | 1,265 | Kanigiri | Ganuga Penta | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Gosulaveedu | 591272 | 1,004 | 251 | 431 | Kanigiri | Gosulaveedu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Gudipadu | 591263 | 1,788 | 370 | 1,450 | Kanigiri | Gudipadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Guravajipeta | 591283 | 2,952 | 721 | 2,866 | Kanigiri | Guravajipeta | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
H Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazis Puram | 591265 | 2,901 | 635 | 1,690 | Kanigiri | Yeruvaripalle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
J Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jammalamadaka | 591279 | 957 | 231 | 1,536 | Kanigiri | Jammalamadaka | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
K Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalagatla | 591271 | 430 | 98 | 669 | Kanigiri | Polavaram | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Kanchipuram | 591256 | 7 | 3 | 232 | Kanigiri | Punugodu | Kandukur | Not Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Kodigudla Padu (West) | 591266 | 961 | 208 | 606 | Kanigiri | China Irlapadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Krishna Puram | 591282 | 490 | 114 | 299 | Kanigiri | Krishnapuram | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
L Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lingojipuram | 591275 | 0 | — | 484 | Kanigiri | Chinaalavala Padu | Kandukur | — | — | — | — |
N Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nimma Maheswarapuram | 591270 | 336 | 86 | 148 | Kanigiri | Polavaram | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
P Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peramgudi Palle | 591268 | 884 | 203 | 305 | Kanigiri | Peramgudi Palle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Polavaram | 591269 | 540 | 116 | 739 | Kanigiri | Polavaram | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Punugodu | 591257 | 2,133 | 516 | 2,213 | Kanigiri | Punugodu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Punugodu Khandrika | 591255 | 0 | — | 447 | Kanigiri | Punugodu | Kandukur | — | — | — | — |
R Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rachagundlapadu | 591274 | 168 | 44 | 553 | Kanigiri | Polavaram | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
S Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sankavaram | 591260 | 7,335 | 1,724 | 2,100 | Kanigiri | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | ||
| Somanapalle | 591261 | 0 | — | 242 | Kanigiri | Kandukur | — | — | — | — |
T Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Takkellapadu | 591277 | 1,226 | 232 | 1,013 | Kanigiri | Takkellapadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Tallur | 591264 | 2,376 | 595 | 1,086 | Kanigiri | Tallur | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Thummagunta | 591258 | 1,936 | 389 | 1,482 | Kanigiri | Thummagunta | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
U Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Umamaheswarapuram | 591278 | 0 | — | 604 | Kanigiri | Cheera Adinne | Kandukur | — | — | — | — |
V Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vangapadu | 591281 | 1,467 | 350 | 1,634 | Kanigiri | Vangapadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Vijaya Gopala Puram | 591285 | 468 | 106 | 951 | Kanigiri | Takkellapadu | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available | |
| Viswanadha Puram | 591288 | 382 | 95 | 397 | Kanigiri | Balli Palle | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
Y Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yadavalli | 591254 | 2,263 | 482 | 2,067 | Kanigiri | Yadavalli | Kandukur | Available | Available | Available | Available |
Data Method and Verification
This page is built as a reference guide, not as an official government record. The village figures come mainly from Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) public data. DCHB is published under the Registrar General of India, Government of India.
- Last Reviewed
- 30 May 2026
- Main Source
- Census 2011 village records and District Census Handbook data
- Postal Context
- Use India Post for current address confirmation
- Banking Context
- Use the bank or RBI source record for current service status
Use Vill for village search, Census code lookup, population context and local comparison. For land ownership, revenue records, postal delivery, banking service, emergency travel or legal work, confirm the latest details through the official portal or local office.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which is the most populated village in Kanigiri Mandal?
Sankavaram is the most populated village listed for Kanigiri Mandal, with 7,335 people and 1,724 households.
Which village has the largest recorded area in Kanigiri Mandal?
Balli Palle has the largest recorded village area in Kanigiri Mandal, at 3,855 hectares.
How many Gram Panchayats are reported for Kanigiri Mandal?
The administrative summary reports 26 Gram Panchayats for Kanigiri Mandal. Reported names include Baduguleru, Balli Palle and Bommireddi Palle.
What village facilities are reported in Kanigiri Mandal?
The facility section uses Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) village amenities fields. High-count signals include primary school in 33 villages, mobile coverage in 33 villages, all-weather road in 33 villages. These are historical records, not live service guarantees.
What bank ATM, CDM and CRM records are available for Kanigiri Mandal?
Kanigiri Mandal has 16 bank ATM, CDM and CRM service records from RBI-sourced data. State Bank of India has the highest number of listed records, with 9 entries. Verify current service details with the bank.
What can I find in the Kanigiri Mandal village table?
The table lists villages with Census village code, population, households, area, nearest town and key facility details where available.
Is Kanigiri also a sub-district in Census data?
Yes. In Census data this administrative level is recorded as a sub-district, while local wording may use terms such as tehsil, taluka, taluk, mandal, block or tahasil depending on the state.