How many villages are in Taliparamba Taluk?
Taliparamba Taluk has 32 Census 2011 village records in this directory, including 32 inhabited villages. They are part of Kannur district in Kerala.
Indian Village Directory
Taliparamba Taluk Village List
Taliparamba Taluk in Kannur district, Kerala has 32 Census 2011 village records, including 32 inhabited villages. The listed villages cover 487,590 people, 114,360 households and 108,426 hectares. Reported local context includes 23 Gram Panchayats, village facilities, land-use fields, nearest-town references and individual village profiles. Census datasets record this administrative level as a sub-district, while local usage may call it a tehsil, taluka, mandal, block or tahasil.
Villages32
Inhabited Villages32
Population487,590
Households114,360
Area (ha)108,426
CD Blocks3
Key Facts
- Location
- Taliparamba Taluk is in Kannur district, Kerala.
- Village Records
- 32 Census 2011 village records
- Inhabited Villages
- 32
- Listed Population
- 487,590
- Households
- 114,360
- Recorded Village Area
- 108,426 hectares
- Gram Panchayats
- 23
- Largest by Population
- Alakode (33,173 people)
- Largest by Area
- Vellad (8,094 hectares)
Largest Villages by Population
Alakode is the highest-population village listed in Taliparamba Taluk, with 33,173 people and 8,007 households. It represents 6.8% of the listed taluk village population. Open the village profile to compare its Census code, facilities, area and nearest-town details.
| Rank | Village | Population | Local Pop Share | Households | Avg Household Size | Area (ha) | Pop / sq km | Nearest Town | Town Distance km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alakode | 33,173 | 6.8% | 8,007 | 4.1 | 7,268 | 456.4 | Taliparamba | 24.0 |
| 2 | Vellad | 25,875 | 5.3% | 6,229 | 4.2 | 8,094 | 319.7 | Taliparamba | 22.0 |
| 3 | Ramanthali | 25,711 | 5.3% | 5,082 | 5.1 | 2,991 | 859.6 | Payyannur | 7.0 |
| 4 | Payyavoor | 22,998 | 4.7% | 5,698 | 4 | 6,779 | 339.3 | Taliparamba | 30.0 |
| 5 | Vayathur | 22,743 | 4.7% | 5,395 | 4.2 | 4,340 | 524 | Taliparamba | 53.0 |
| 6 | New Naduvil | 20,369 | 4.2% | 4,926 | 4.1 | 4,931 | 413.1 | Kannur | 43.0 |
| 7 | Eruvassy | 19,216 | 3.9% | 4,694 | 4.1 | 4,908 | 391.5 | Taliparamba | 30.0 |
| 8 | Kooveri | 19,033 | 3.9% | 4,201 | 4.5 | 3,832 | 496.7 | Taliparamba | 13.0 |
| 9 | Vayakkara | 18,687 | 3.8% | 4,493 | 4.2 | 3,970 | 470.7 | Payyannur | 33.0 |
| 10 | Thimiri | 18,044 | 3.7% | 4,497 | 4 | 4,730 | 381.5 | Payyannur | 35.0 |
Largest Villages by Area
Vellad has the largest recorded village area in Taliparamba Taluk, at 8,094 hectares. This is 7.5% of the listed local village area. Use area values for broad comparison only; land and revenue work should use official records.
| Rank | Village | Area (ha) | Local Area Share | Population | Pop / sq km | Households | Households / ha | Nearest Town | Town Distance km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vellad | 8,094 | 7.5% | 25,875 | 319.7 | 6,229 | 0.77 | Taliparamba | 22.0 |
| 2 | Alakode | 7,268 | 6.7% | 33,173 | 456.4 | 8,007 | 1.1 | Taliparamba | 24.0 |
| 3 | Payyavoor | 6,779 | 6.3% | 22,998 | 339.3 | 5,698 | 0.84 | Taliparamba | 30.0 |
| 4 | New Naduvil | 4,931 | 4.5% | 20,369 | 413.1 | 4,926 | 1 | Kannur | 43.0 |
| 5 | Eruvassy | 4,908 | 4.5% | 19,216 | 391.5 | 4,694 | 0.96 | Taliparamba | 30.0 |
| 6 | Thimiri | 4,730 | 4.4% | 18,044 | 381.5 | 4,497 | 0.95 | Payyannur | 35.0 |
| 7 | Chuzhali | 4,619 | 4.3% | 14,759 | 319.5 | 3,449 | 0.75 | Taliparamba | 14.0 |
| 8 | Vayathur | 4,340 | 4% | 22,743 | 524 | 5,395 | 1.24 | Taliparamba | 53.0 |
| 9 | Peringome | 4,181 | 3.9% | 16,721 | 399.9 | 3,755 | 0.9 | Payyannur | 20.0 |
| 10 | Vayakkara | 3,970 | 3.7% | 18,687 | 470.7 | 4,493 | 1.13 | Payyannur | 33.0 |
Villages in Taliparamba Taluk
The A-Z table below helps you find the correct village inside Taliparamba Taluk. Each row brings together the village name, Census code, population, households, area, nearest town and key facility signals where those details are listed.
A Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alakode | 627190 | 33,173 | 8,007 | 7,268 | Taliparamba | Alakode,udayagiri | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Alapadamba | 627180 | 8,660 | 2,233 | 2,525 | Payyannur | Kankole-Alapadamba | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
C Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chengalai | 627207 | 15,800 | 3,270 | 2,118 | Taliparamba | Chengalai | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Chuzhali | 627197 | 14,759 | 3,449 | 4,619 | Taliparamba | Chengalai | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
E Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eramam | 627181 | 9,448 | 2,425 | 2,165 | Payyannur | Eramam-Kuttoor | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Eruvassy | 627199 | 19,216 | 4,694 | 4,908 | Irikkur | Eruvassy | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
K Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalliad | 627204 | 9,410 | 2,163 | 3,002 | Irikkur | Padiyoor-Kalliad | Mattannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Kankole | 627179 | 10,665 | 2,576 | 1,677 | Payyannur | Kankole-Alapadamba | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Kayaralam | 627208 | 17,159 | 3,800 | 2,033 | Irikkur | Mayyil | Kannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Kooveri | 627193 | 19,033 | 4,201 | 3,832 | Taliparamba | Chapparapadavu | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Kuttiyeri | 627195 | 12,473 | 2,861 | 2,204 | Taliparamba | Pariyaram | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Kuttoor | 627183 | 8,143 | 2,022 | 2,258 | Payyannur | Eramam-Kuttoor | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
M Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malapattam | 627206 | 9,628 | 2,250 | 1,934 | Irikkur | Malapattam | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
N Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nediyanga | 627198 | 15,859 | 3,838 | 3,522 | Irikkur | Sreekandapuram | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| New Naduvil | 627192 | 20,369 | 4,926 | 4,931 | Taliparamba | Naduvil | Kannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Nuchiyad | 627201 | 12,686 | 2,997 | 3,003 | Irikkur | Ulikkal | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
P Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Padiyoor | 627203 | 12,114 | 2,758 | 2,544 | Irikkur | Padiyoor-Kalliad | Taliparamba | — | Not Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Panniyoor | 627194 | 12,382 | 2,673 | 2,454 | Taliparamba | Kurumathur | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Pattuvam | 627196 | 15,659 | 3,300 | 1,681 | Taliparamba | Pattuvam | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Payyavoor | 627200 | 22,998 | 5,698 | 6,779 | Irikkur | Payyavoor | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Peralam | 627178 | 7,607 | 1,947 | 1,092 | Payyannur | Karivellur-Peralam | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Peringome | 627185 | 16,721 | 3,755 | 4,181 | Payyannur | Peringome-Vayakkara | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Perinthatta | 627182 | 5,416 | 1,427 | 1,873 | Payyannur | Peringome-Vayakkara | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Pulingome | 627188 | 10,672 | 2,631 | 2,880 | Payyannur | Cherupuzha | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
R Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramanthali | 627177 | 25,711 | 5,082 | 2,991 | Payyannur | Ramanthali | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
S Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sreekandapuram | 627205 | 17,630 | 4,122 | 3,378 | Irikkur | Sreekandapuram | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
T Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thimiri | 627186 | 18,044 | 4,497 | 4,730 | Taliparamba | Chapparapadavu,alakode | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Thirumeni | 627189 | 8,611 | 2,077 | 2,358 | Payyannur | Cherupuzha | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
V Villages
| Village | Village Code | Population | Households | Area (ha) | CD Block | Gram Panchayat | Nearest Town | ATM Access | Primary School | Mobile | Road | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vayakkara | 627187 | 18,687 | 4,493 | 3,970 | Payyannur | Peringome-Vayakkara,cherupuzha | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Vayathur | 627202 | 22,743 | 5,395 | 4,340 | Irikkur | Ulikkal | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Vellad | 627191 | 25,875 | 6,229 | 8,094 | Taliparamba | Chapparapadavu,alakode,udayagiri ,naduvil | Taliparamba | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Vellora | 627184 | 10,239 | 2,564 | 3,082 | Payyannur | Eramam-Kuttoor | Payyannur | — | Available | Available | Available | Available |
Bank ATM, CDM and CRM Services in Taliparamba
Taliparamba Taluk has 147 bank ATM, Cash Deposit Machine (CDM) and Cash Recycler Machine (CRM) service records from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data. The records cover 21 banks and 30 PIN codes. State Bank of India has the highest number of listed records, with 42 entries (29%). PIN code 670307 has the highest listed count, with 35 records (24%). Verify current service details with the bank before visiting.
Please verify with the bank before visiting any ATM, CDM or CRM location, including the current address, service status and timings.
Records / 100 Villages459.4
ATM Share73%
CDM Share0.7%
CRM Share26%
Records / Bank7
- ATM/CDM/CRM Records
- 147
- ATMs
- 107
- CRMs
- 38
- CDMs
- 1
- Banks
- 21
- PINs
- 30
Device Type Summary
| Device Type | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| ATM | 107 | 73% |
| CRM | 38 | 26% |
| CDM | 1 | 0.7% |
| E-Lobby | 1 | 0.7% |
| E-Lobby | 1 | 0.7% |
Top Banks in This Area
| Bank | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| State Bank of India | 42 | 29% |
| Canara Bank | 20 | 14% |
| Federal Bank Ltd | 17 | 12% |
| Kerala Grameena Bank | 13 | 8.8% |
| South Indian Bank Ltd | 12 | 8.2% |
Top PIN Codes by Banking Access Records
| PIN Code | Records | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 670307 | 35 | 24% |
| 670141 | 25 | 17% |
| 670571 | 11 | 7.5% |
| 670631 | 10 | 6.8% |
| 670511 | 7 | 4.8% |
| 670632 | 5 | 3.4% |
| 670602 | 5 | 3.4% |
| 670593 | 4 | 2.7% |
| 670306 | 4 | 2.7% |
| 670581 | 4 | 2.7% |
| 670353 | 4 | 2.7% |
| 670521 | 4 | 2.7% |
| 670633 | 3 | 2% |
| 670308 | 3 | 2% |
| 670582 | 3 | 2% |
| 670142 | 3 | 2% |
| 670309 | 2 | 1.4% |
| 670310 | 2 | 1.4% |
| 670502 | 2 | 1.4% |
| 670503 | 1 | 0.7% |
PIN-wise ATM/CDM/CRM Summary
| PIN | Records | ATMs | CRMs | CDMs | Banks | PINs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 670307 | 35 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 19 | — |
| 670141 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 15 | — |
| 670571 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 7 | — |
| 670631 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 7 | — |
| 670511 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 6 | — |
| 670602 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | — |
| 670632 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | — |
| 670306 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | — |
| 670353 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | — |
| 670521 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 670581 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | — |
| 670593 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | — |
| 670142 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 670308 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | — |
| 670582 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 670633 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | — |
| 670309 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 670310 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — |
| 670502 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 670010 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — |
Selected Bank ATM, CDM and CRM Service Records
The selected rows show real bank ATM, CDM and CRM service records for Taliparamba Taluk, including banks such as Axis Bank Limited, Bank of Baroda and Bank of India. The source dataset is Reserve Bank of India (RBI)-sourced bank service data, but the services belong to the listed banks.
| Bank | Type | PIN | District | Local Area | Centre | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axis Bank Limited | CRM | 670309 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Payyannur (M) | New Bus Stand Road S. No. 107/2a, First Floor, Goltens Arcade Payyannur, Kannur, Kerala, 670309 |
| Bank of Baroda | ATM | 670141 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Taliparamba (M) | Court Road Taliparamba Star Complex, Kannur, Kerala, 670141 |
| Bank of India | ATM | 670307 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Payyannur (M) | By Pass Road, Payyanur Boi Payyanur Branch, Ck Arcade, LIC Junction, Kannur, Kerala, 670307 |
| Bank of Baroda | ATM | 670353 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Vayakkara | Padiyotchal Ground Floor, Bank Centre, Kannur, Kerala, 670353 |
| Bank of Baroda | ATM | 670571 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Alakode | Opposite Film City, Taliparamba Coorg Road. Ground Floor, Palikunnel Arcade, Kannur, Kerala, 670571 |
| Axis Bank Limited | CRM | 670141 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Taliparamba (M) | Bank Street D. No. XI 1757 F G H I J, A J R U Towers Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, 670141 |
| Bank of Baroda | ATM | 670307 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Payyannur (M) | Payyannur Building No:900 Near Gandhi Maidan, Kannur, Kerala, 670307 |
| Bank of Baroda | CRM | 670571 | Kannur | Taliparamba | Alakode | Opposite Film City, Taliparamba Coorg Road. Ground Floor, Palikunnel Arcade, Kannur, Kerala, 670571 |
Full forms: ATM means Automated Teller Machine, CDM means Cash Deposit Machine, and CRM means Cash Recycler Machine.
ATM, Cash Deposit Machine (CDM) and Cash Recycler Machine (CRM) details are based on Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking access records and should be verified with the bank before visiting. PIN code, district or sub-district matches do not prove that a facility is inside the village.
Population Summary
Taliparamba Taluk has 487,590 people in 114,360 households across 32 Census 2011 village records.
Average Population / Village15,237
Average Household Size4.3
Inhabited Village %100%
Population Density / sq km449.7
Male Share0%
Female Share0%
SC Share0%
ST Share0%
Total Population487,590
Administrative Coverage
Administrative coverage links Taliparamba villages with local names reported in Census 2011 records. The page includes 3 CD blocks and 23 Gram Panchayats. Reported Gram Panchayats include Alakode,udayagiri, Chapparapadavu and Chapparapadavu,alakode.
CD Blocks Reported3
Gram Panchayats Reported23
Nearest Town Names Reported4
CD blocks reported: Irikkur, Payyannur, Taliparamba.
Gram Panchayats reported: Alakode,udayagiri, Chapparapadavu, Chapparapadavu,alakode, Chapparapadavu,alakode,udayagiri ,naduvil, Chengalai, Cherupuzha, Eramam-Kuttoor, Eruvassy, Kankole-Alapadamba, Karivellur-Peralam, Kurumathur, Malapattam and more.
Village Facility Coverage
Village facility coverage for Taliparamba Taluk is based on Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) amenities fields. Reported signals include primary school in 32 villages (100%), mobile coverage in 32 villages (100%), all-weather road in 32 villages (100%), domestic power supply in 32 villages (100%). These are historical village amenities, not live service guarantees.
Facility Coverage Summary
| Facility | Villages with Facility | Reported Villages | Gap Count | % of All Villages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary School | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 |
| Mobile Coverage | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 |
| All-Weather Road | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 |
| PDS Shop | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 |
| Domestic Power Supply | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 |
Median Nearest Town Distance22 km
Villages within 5 km1
Villages over 25 km12
Nearest Town Distance Bands
| Distance Band | Villages | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Within 5 Km | 1 | 3.1% |
| 5-10 Km | 5 | 16% |
| 10-25 Km | 14 | 44% |
| Over 25 Km | 12 | 38% |
Location and Distance Highlights
Location and distance fields show how Taliparamba villages relate to nearby towns and headquarters. Nearest-town distance is reported for 32 villages, with an average of 23.69 km. The farthest listed nearest-town distance is 58.0 km for Nuchiyad. Use these figures for orientation only.
| Distance Type | Reported Villages | Average km | Maximum km | Village | Place / HQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nearest Town Distance | 32 | 23.69 | 58 | Nuchiyad | Taliparamba |
About the Available Data
This data coverage section explains the fields available for Taliparamba Taluk. The page summarises 26 data fields and 832 reported values from Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) public records. Some values may be blank, old or not listed, so important decisions should be checked with official records.
| Data Section | Fields | Reported Values | Available / Positive Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Census Codes and Administrative Details | 6 | 192 | 128 |
| Location and Distance | 3 | 96 | 64 |
| Population and Social Groups | 3 | 96 | 96 |
| Education Facilities | 8 | 256 | 150 |
| Connectivity, Roads and Transport | 2 | 64 | 64 |
| Financial, Market and Public Services | 1 | 32 | 32 |
| Power Supply | 3 | 96 | 96 |
Official Reference Links
Use official portals to verify current government information, land records, revenue details or administrative updates.
Data Method and Verification
This page is built as a reference guide, not as an official government record. The village figures come mainly from Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) public data. DCHB is published under the Registrar General of India, Government of India.
- Last Reviewed
- 30 May 2026
- Main Source
- Census 2011 village records and District Census Handbook data
- Postal Context
- Use India Post for current address confirmation
- Banking Context
- Use the bank or RBI source record for current service status
Use Vill for village search, Census code lookup, population context and local comparison. For land ownership, revenue records, postal delivery, banking service, emergency travel or legal work, confirm the latest details through the official portal or local office.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which is the most populated village in Taliparamba Taluk?
Alakode is the most populated village listed for Taliparamba Taluk, with 33,173 people and 8,007 households.
Which village has the largest recorded area in Taliparamba Taluk?
Vellad has the largest recorded village area in Taliparamba Taluk, at 8,094 hectares.
How many Gram Panchayats are reported for Taliparamba Taluk?
The administrative summary reports 23 Gram Panchayats for Taliparamba Taluk. Reported names include Alakode,udayagiri, Chapparapadavu and Chapparapadavu,alakode.
What village facilities are reported in Taliparamba Taluk?
The facility section uses Census 2011 and District Census Handbook (DCHB) village amenities fields. High-count signals include primary school in 32 villages, mobile coverage in 32 villages, all-weather road in 32 villages. These are historical records, not live service guarantees.
What bank ATM, CDM and CRM records are available for Taliparamba Taluk?
Taliparamba Taluk has 147 bank ATM, CDM and CRM service records from RBI-sourced data. State Bank of India has the highest number of listed records, with 42 entries. Verify current service details with the bank.
What can I find in the Taliparamba Taluk village table?
The table lists villages with Census village code, population, households, area, nearest town and key facility details where available.
Is Taliparamba also a sub-district in Census data?
Yes. In Census data this administrative level is recorded as a sub-district, while local wording may use terms such as tehsil, taluka, taluk, mandal, block or tahasil depending on the state.